alluvium—沖積物；沖積層

alpine—高山

alpine meadow soil—高山草甸土

Alpine mountain-building movement—阿爾卑斯造山運\動

alpine vegetation—高山植物

Alpine-Himalayan Belt—阿爾卑斯－－喜馬拉雅山帶

altiplano—高原（玻利維亞）

altitude—高度

ammonia—氨

annual mean temperature—年平均溫

annual rainfall —年雨量

annual range of temperature—年溫差

annual runoff—年徑流；年徑流量

Antarctic Circle—南極圈

anthropogenic factor—人為因素

anticline—背斜

anticyclone—反氣旋

anticyclonic circulation—反氣旋式環流

aquaculture—水產養殖

aquatic plant—水生植物

aqueduct —引水槽

aquifer—畜水層

arable farming—耕作農業

arable land—〔可〕耕地

arch—(1)背斜，(2)拱頂，(3)穹窿

archipelago—群島

Arctic air mass—北極氣團

Arctic Circle—北極圈

Arctic climate—北極氣候

arctic front—北極鋒

area sampling—區域抽樣；地區抽樣

areal association—地區聯繫；地域聯繫

areal differentiation—地域分異

areal distribution—地區分佈；地域分佈

areal specialization—地區專門化；地域專門化

areal variation—地區差異；地域差異

arid—乾旱

arid {dry} climate—乾旱氣候

arid land—旱地

aridisol—旱成土

aridity—乾燥〔度〕；乾旱〔度〕

artesian basin—自流水盆地

artesian water—自流水

artesian well—自流井

artificial climate—人造氣候

assembly industry—裝配工業

assembly line—裝配線

assimilation—同化〔作用〕

association—聯繫

asthenosphere—軟流圈；岩流圈

atlas—地圖集

atmosphere—大氣；大氣圈

atmospheric absorption—大氣吸收

atmospheric circulation—大氣環流

atmospheric disturbance—大氣擾動

atmospheric heat balance—大氣熱平衡

atmospheric heat source—大氣熱源

atmospheric motion—大氣流動

atmospheric pollutant—大氣污染物

atmospheric pollution—大氣污染

atmospheric pressure—大氣壓力；氣壓

atmospheric radiation—大氣輻射

atmospheric refraction—大氣折射

atoll—環礁

attrition—磨耗〔作用〕；自磨〔作用〕

aureole—〔接觸〕變質帶

autumnal equinox—秋分

available relief (relative relief)—有效地勢；相對地勢

avalanche—雪崩；山崩

average cost—平均成本

axial growth—軸向增長

axial plane —軸面

baby boom—生育高峰

bajada (bahada)—山麓沖積扇帶

balanced ecosystem—平衡生態系統

Baltic-Danish farming—波羅的－－丹麥農業

bank deposit—河岸沉積〔物〕

bank erosion—河岸侵蝕

bank failure—塌岸

bar —沙洲；沙壩

barchan—新月形沙丘

barometer—氣壓計

barometric gradient—氣壓梯度

barren land—荒地；瘠地

barrier reef—堡礁；堤礁

basal sapping—基部掏蝕

basalt—玄武岩

base level—基準面

basic lava—基性熔岩

basic rock—基性岩

basin—盆地

basin irrigation—淹灌

basin planning—流域規劃

basin-and-range terrain—盆山相間地形

beach—海灘

bed scour—河床沖刷

bedding—層理

bedding plane—層面

beef cattle—肉用牛

biochemical oxygen demand(BOD)—生化需氧量

biocycle—生物循環

biodegradation—生物降解

biogeochemical cycle—生物地球化學循環

biogeography—生物地理學

biological concentration—生物密集

biological indicator—指示生物

biomass—生物量

biome—生物群落

biosphere—生物圈

biota (biotic community)—生物群

biotic balance (equilibrium)—生物平衡

biotic barrier—生物阻限

biotic community (biota)—生物群

biotic environment—生物環境；生命環境

biotic equilibrium (balance)—生物平衡

biotic factor—生物因素；生命因素

biotite—黑雲母

bird\'s foot delta—鳥足狀三角洲

birth control—節育；計劃生育

birth rate—出生率

birth-death ratio—生死比率

black earth—黑土

blizzard—暴風雪；雪暴

block diagram—立體圖

block mountain—斷塊山

blowout (deflation hollow)—吹蝕穴；風蝕窪地

bluff—陡坡；陡崖

body wave—體波

bog—蘚\沼；沼澤

bog peat—沼澤泥炭

boreal climate—北部〔森林〕氣候

boreal forest—北部針葉林

borehole—鑽孔；探孔

boundary—(1)界限，(2)邊界

branching channel—辮狀河

breaching of dyke—決堤

breeze—微風

broad-leaved forest—闊葉林